rs1558902) Select Representation. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Smoking and stroke: a Mendelian randomization study. Published by Elsevier Ltd. The UK Biobank project is a large prospective cohort study of ~500,000 individuals from across the United Kingdom, aged between 40-69 at recruitment. The effect of smoking intensity on all-cause and cause-specific mortality—A Mendelian randomization analysis. EH, CK, AM, AZ, FN, and RW were responsible for critical revision of the paper and approval of the manuscript. 13), and 6.5-fold for cancer within the respiratory system (Supplementary Table 7). Biomed Res Int 2015;2015:1–12. associations with age and sex in the same UK Biobank sample. 8600 Rockville Pike Developed to help researchers like Dana navigate thousands of phenotypic fields and millions of genetic variants, the browser can mine extremely large datasets in a matter of seconds. AU - Hyppönen, Elina. Phenotypes were classified into 1,403 broad PheWAS codes with counts ranging from 51 – 77,977 cases and 330,366 – 408,908 controls. © Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2018. KW - Mendelian randomisation. We then implemented conventional Mendelianrandomisation (MR) analysis to investigate the … -, Zhu Y, Pandya BJ, Choi HK. … G0800604/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom, MC_QA137853/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom, MR/K015346/1/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom, R01 HL133786/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States, Spiral, Imperial College Digital Repository, Maiuolo J, Oppedisano F, Gratteri S, et al. table; plot; Choose a variant to explore its associations. Genome-wide association studies of brain imaging data from 8,428 individuals in UK Biobank show that many of the 3,144 traits studied are heritable, and … The recruited participants provided a wide range of self-reported baseline information. phenome scans in UK Biobank, a prospective cohort of over 500 000 men and women in the UK aged between 37–73 years (6). Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Objectives: We aimed to investigate the role of serum uric acid (SUA) level in a broad spectrum of disease outcomes using data for 120 091 individuals from UK Biobank. We performed a MR phenome-wide association study (MR-pheWAS) to search for the causal effects of BMI in UK Biobank (n = 334 968), using the PHESANT open-source phenome scan tool. MetHOds uK biobank data The UK Biobank is a large-scale, population-based, prospective cohort that enrolled over 500 000 participants aged 40–69 years. The Lancet Regional Health – Western Pacific, Advancing women in science, medicine and global health, Understanding the impact of interruptions to HIV services during the COVID-19 pandemic: A modelling study, The effects of sedation cessation within the first four hours of intensive care unit admission in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients – a quality improvement study, Implications of all the available evidence, National Center for Chronic Disease P, Health Promotion Office on S, Health. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! However, there is evidence that alcohol and tobacco misuse share some genetic aetiology, notably in relation to reward pathways [. AU - Thapar, Anita. Run a phenome scan (pheWAS, Mendelian randomisation (MR)-pheWAS etc.) Phewas; Region PheWAS; By Significance; Trait Info; Downloads; Correlations; FAQ; Select Page. KW - PheWAS. PY - 2020/2/12. Our PheWAS identified 25 disease groups/outcomes associated with SUA genetic risk loci after multiple testing correction (P<8.57e-05). This page contains Disease-disease networks generated from various PheWAS datasets. Prevalence of Hyperuricemia and Gout in Mainland China from 2000 to 2014: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Rheumatol. Mendelian randomization case-control PheWAS in UK Biobank shows evidence of causality for smoking intensity in 28 distinct clinical conditions EClinicalMedicine. UK Biobank is a large-scale biomedical database and research resource, containing in-depth genetic and health information from half a million UK participants. I used a phenotyping algorithm to code the electronic medical records (EMR) of UK Biobank participants into 1853 distinct disease categories and I then ran the PheWAS analysis to test the associations between the 25(OH)D genetic risk score and 950 disease … R for parts 1 and 2 above. Gene ATLAS is a large database of associations between hundreds of traits and millions of variants using the UK Biobank cohort. Datasets: UKBiobank TOPMed-imputed: 1400 EHR-derived broad PheWAS codes for 57 million TOPMed-imputed variants in 400,000 white British individuals.. UKBiobank HRC-imputed: 1400 EHR-derived broad PheWAS codes for 20 million imputed variants in 400,000 white British individuals.. UKBiobank Neale v1: 2400 traits for 11 million imputed variants in 337,000 unrelated white British individuals. eCollection 2020 Sep. Methods: This Mendelian randomisation phenome-wide association study (MR-PheWAS) used information from up to 333,214 participants of White-British ancestry in the UK Biobank to examine the causal association between genetically instrumented habitual coffee consumption and the full range of disease outcomes. EH and CK conceptualized the study. Keywords: Contextualizing selection bias in Mendelian randomization: how bad is it likely to be. T2 - A Mendelian randomisation phenome-wide association study in the UK Biobank. Mol Biol Evol 2002;19:640–53. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. Emma Smith LM. An additional methodological limitation to this study was that we were not able to include. Image, Download Hi-res One disadvantage of this study is that our analyses were only powered to detect relatively strong effects. A PheWAS published in 2019, using PHESANT software, tested for associations of high BMI with all continuous, categorical, and binary outcomes in the UK Biobank, proposing adverse effects on type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and multiple other diseases and traits, and suggesting protection from various psychosocial traits. Participants were 40–69 years old at … FOIA One smoking MR-PheWAS has been published in which the authors examined the effect of smoking instrumented by rs16969968 at the CHRNA3 locus, in ever and never smokers on 18,000 phenotypes in the UK Biobank. This cohort includes genetic data, and a large and diverse range of data from blood, urine and saliva samples analyses, clinical assessments, record available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. Blood samples were collected for biochemical tests and genotyping. Accepted: We performed a phenome-wide association study (PheWAS) to identify disease outcomes associated with SUA genetic risk loci. Smoking is the primary cause of lung cancer and it has also been associated with increased risk of many other types of cancer [. Hyppönen E, Mulugeta A, Zhou A, Santhanakrishnan VK. Y1 - 2020/2/12. Another challenge facing GWAS and PheWAS is due to the complex architecture of phenotypes with non‐Mendelian inheritance patterns. We constructed a genetic risk score for habitual coffee consumption and screened … All rights reserved. 2020 Apr 15;22(1):84. doi: 10.1186/s13075-020-02173-4. doi: 10.1016/S2589-7500(19)30028-7. Eligible UK Biobank participants were aged 37–73 years during recruitment, were white British, were unrelated to each other, and had available genetic information. Eligible UK Biobank participants were aged 37–73 years during recruitment, were white British, were unrelated to each other, and had available genetic information. © 2020 The Authors. A subset of identified associations were followed up with a formal two-stage instrumental variable analysis in UK Biobank, to estimate the causal effect of BMI on these phenotypes. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted. RESEARCH ARTICLE A cross-disorder PRS-pheWAS of 5 major psychiatric disorders in UK Biobank Beate Leppert ID 1,2*, Louise A. C. Millard ID 1,2,3, Lucy Riglin ID 4, George Davey Smith ID 1,2, Anita Thapar4, Kate Tilling1,2, Esther Walton ID 1,5☯, Evie Stergiakouli1,2☯* 1 MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom, 2 Population Guidelines for performing Mendelian randomization investigations. 2017 Mar;44(3):388-396. doi: 10.3899/jrheum.160452. Genetically determined serum urate levels and cardiovascular and other diseases in UK Biobank cohort: A phenome-wide mendelian randomization study. Gene ATLAS is a large database of associations between hundreds of traits and millions of variants using the UK Biobank cohort. Application number: US 12/944,372. Arthritis Rheumatol 2015;67(suppl 10). The threshold of 200 cases was based on an earlier PheWAS examining simple SNP-disease risk associations [. View PheWAS results for the variant in UK Biobank View linkage structure around the variant Whether a variant is a lead or tag cannot be specified whilst searching - simply enter the variant of interest using an rsID or chromosome position e.g. Characteristics of individuals and prevalence of smoking. Results: In line with our findings, evidence to date has not supported a strong causal effect of smoking on mental health outcomes. High Serum Uric Acid Was a Risk Factor for Incident Asthma: An Open Cohort Study. Results: Our PheWAS highlighted multiple blood cell traits to be associated with the COVID-19 risk variant, including monocyte count and percentage (p = 1.07 10-8, 4.09 10-13), eosinophil count and percentage (p-= 5.73 10 3, 2.20 10-3), and neutrophil percentage (p = 3.23 10-3). PheWAS approach allows us to identify proof of principle for a causal effect of an exposure across a wide range of outcomes. image, https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/fast_facts/index.htm, Download .docx (.03 In the last 15–20 years, the proportion of heavy smokers smoking a pack or more per day has decreased in countries such as the US and Australia, while there has been an increase in those smoking less than 10 CPD [. In observational studies smoking is associated with an increased risk of renal injury, changes in renal haemodynamics and vascular injury [. - Components of genetic associations across 2,138 phenotypes in the UK Biobank highlight adipocyte biology (DeGAs app on GBE) 1 August 2019 - Phenome-wide Burden of Copy-Number Variation in the UK Biobank 31 July 2019 - Rare and common variant discovery in complex disease: the … Eligible UK Biobank participants were aged 37–73 years during recruitment, were white British, were unrelated to each other, and had available genetic information. Furthermore, we implemented a case-control design, only focusing on carefully curated disease outcomes based on hospital admissions and mortality registrations and selecting controls as participants free of related conditions. 10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a004123 Of the 22 922 tests performed, … This cohort includes genetic data, and a large and diverse range of data from blood, urine and saliva samples analyses, clinical assessments, record available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. The UK Biobank is a collection of a half million individuals with paired genetic and phenotype information that has been enormously valuable in studies of genetic etiology for common diseases and traits. Large-scale whole genome sequencing of the UK Biobank cohort to generate and evaluate therapeutic hypotheses regarding targets, biomarkers and pathways implicated in disease February 3 rd 2020. AU - Tilling, Kate. The HLA-B*27:05 AU - Stergiakouli, Evie. HLA-B*27:05 TreeWAS and PheWAS comparison We illustrate the advantages of the TreeWAS approach as compared to existing PheWAS tests by analyzing the association of the HLA-B*27:05 allele against the UK Biobank HES data set. Greater genetically predicted smoking intensity increased the risk of many circulatory diseases. Polymorphisms around the ODC1 gene are associated with multiple phenotypic traits through GWAS and PheWAS ... From Open Target Genetics, this LD block was significantly connected (p-value 2.8 × 10 −7) based on the UK biobank to the leg impedance. UKBiobank HRC-imputed: 1400 EHR-derived broad PheWAS codes for 20 million imputed variants in 400,000 white British individuals. 10.1002/art.30520 T1 - A cross-disorder MR-pheWAS of 5 major psychiatric disorders in UK Biobank. A subset of identified associations were followed up with a formal two-stage instrumental variable analysis in UK Biobank, to estimate the causal effect of BMI on these phenotypes. outcomes with more than 200 cases). DO - 10.1101/634774. A cross-disorder PRS-pheWAS of 5 major psychiatric disorders in UK Biobank. Thus, … AU - Millard, Louise AC. 10.1155/2015/762820 EH, CK, AM, AZ, FN, and RW planned, analysed and interpreted the data. Conclusions: Such a resource provides a unique opportunity to conduct research into the association of these biomarkers across many phenotypes (commonly known as a PheWAS). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US). The UK Biobank is a large-scale, population-based, prospective cohort that enrolled over 500 000 participants aged 40–69 years. GlaxoSmithKline UK. Int J Cardiol 2016;213:8–14. KW - UK Biobank Data will be made available through application to the UK Biobank. We performed a MR phenome-wide association study (MR-pheWAS) to search for the causal effects of BMI in UK Biobank (n=334 968), using the PHESANT open-source phenome scan tool. GENETIC INDICATORS OF TOBACCO CONSUMPTION. The associations have been computed using 452,264 UK Biobank White British individuals. confirmed the … Phenome-wide association studies (PheWAS) analyze many phenotypes compared to a single genetic variant (or other attribute). Creative Commons Attribution – NonCommercial – NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content and ads. AU - Zhou, Ang. In this MR-PheWAS study, we sought to capture the totality of health effects associated with high normal serum calcium. General features: PHESANT tests the association of a specified trait with all continuous, integer and categorical variables in UK Biobank, or a specified subset. eCollection 2019. MB), Redistribute or republish the final article, Translate the article (private use only, not for distribution), Reuse portions or extracts from the article in other works, Distribute translations or adaptations of the article. Inverse-variance weighted mendelian randomisation analyses on the top 32 distinct smoking intensity–disease associations. The expected finding will improve our understanding of the genetic pathways shaping the function, anatomy and connectivity of the brain in healthy populations, and further the pathology of diseased brains. We present PHESANT (PHEnome Scan ANalysis Tool), a software package for performing comprehensive phenome scans in UK Biobank. Phewas; Region PheWAS; By Significance; Trait Info; Downloads; Correlations; FAQ; Select Page. -, Liu R, Han C, Wu D, et al. We next applied MR Egger analysis to detect and account for potential pleiotropy, which conventional MR analysis might mistake for causality, and used the HEIDI (heterogeneity in dependent instruments) test to remove cross-phenotype associations that were likely due to genetic linkage. phenome scans in UK Biobank, a prospective cohort of over 500 000 men and women in the UK aged between 37–73 years (6). A data-driven approach for studying the role of body mass in multiple diseases: a phenome-wide registry-based case-control study in the UK Biobank. eCollection 2020. Of the 22 922 … We develop an accompanying visual catalog called PRSweb that provides detailed PheWAS results and allows users to directly compare different PRS construction methods. -, Oda M, Satta Y, Takenaka O, et al. The associations have been computed using 452,264 UK Biobank White British individuals. Bethesda, MD 20894, Copyright And the biobank resource will allow us to conduct true PheWAS to validate existing GWAS or single-phenotype studies' findings, and more importantly to discover novel gene-brain associations. AU - Mulugeta, Anwar. PHESANT enables researchers to perform a comprehensive phenome scan in UK Biobank, including a pheWAS, MR-pheWAS or EnWAS. Prevalence of gout and hyperuricemia in the US general population: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2008. This effort was led by Alicia Martin, Hilary Finucane, Mark Daly and Ben Neale, lead analysts Konrad Karczewski and Elizabeth Atkinson, with contributions from team members at ATGU. PHESANT uses a novel rule-based algorithm to determine how to appropriately test each trait, then performs the … The red line denotes the significance level after Bonferroni correction for the number of phenotypes testing, conservatively considering each as independent. We aim to run an MR-PheWAS which integrates PheWAS and MR analysis, to investigate the associations between magnesium status and multiple disease outcomes. The database is regularly augmented with additional data and is globally accessible to approved researchers undertaking vital research into the most common and life-threatening diseases. 2019 Jul;1(3):e116-e126. 1_154426264_C_T. July 15, For this registry-based case-control PheWAS, we used genome-wide data available from the UK Biobank to construct a genetic risk score of 76 variants related to BMI. To update your cookie settings, please visit the, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100488, Mendelian randomization case-control PheWAS in UK Biobank shows evidence of causality for smoking intensity in 28 distinct clinical conditions, https://www.ukbiobank.ac.uk/scientists-3/genetic-data/2019), View Large PHESANT uses a novel rule-based algorithm to determine how to appropriately test each trait, then … 2020, Received: We used data from up to 337,535 UK Biobank participants, and tested for associations between calcium genetic score (calcium-GS) and 925 disease outcomes, with follow-up analyses using complementary MR methods. Smoking and mortality — beyond established causes. However, most genome-wide analyses of this dataset use only the European ancestry individuals. Y1 - 2020/3/1. Human-Disease Phenotype Map. We then implemented conventional Mendelianrandomisation (MR) analysis to investigate the causal relevance between SUA level and disease outcomes identified from PheWAS. Burgess S, Davey Smith G, Davies NM, Dudbridge F, Gill D, Glymour MM, Hartwig FP, Holmes MV, Minelli C, Relton CL, Theodoratou E. Wellcome Open Res. Patent number: US20110251243 A1. Privacy, Help Coronary artery spasm: current knowledge and residual uncertainties. 2020 Mar 15;39(6):773-800. doi: 10.1002/sim.8445. eCollection 2019 Oct. Meng X, Li X, Timofeeva MN, He Y, Spiliopoulou A, Wei WQ, Gifford A, Wu H, Varley T, Joshi P, Denny JC, Farrington SM, Zgaga L, Dunlop MG, McKeigue P, Campbell H, Theodoratou E. Int J Epidemiol. Li X, Meng X, Timofeeva M, Tzoulaki I, Tsilidis KK, Ioannidis JP, Campbell H, Theodoratou E. BMJ. 2019 Oct 18;16(10):e1002937. bioRxiv (2017) Running a phenome scan A phenome scan is run using WAS/phenomeScan.r. Epub 2017 Feb 1. July 14, In this MR-PheWAS study, we sought to capture the totality of health effects associated with high normal serum calcium. AU - Walton, Esther. A subset of identified associations were followed up with a formal two-stage instrumental variable analysis in UK Biobank, to estimate the causal effect of BMI on these phenotypes. Loss of urate oxidase activity in hominoids and its evolutionary implications. Publication date: 01 Jun 2001 licensed to gNostics, and a patent Tucker MR, Walton R, Matthews H, Miskin A. Phenome-wide Mendelian-randomization study of genetically determined vitamin D on multiple health outcomes using the UK Biobank study. . In this two-stage hypothesis-free case-control MR-PheWAS we use information from ever smokers in the UK Biobank to investigate the effects of genetically predicted smoking intensity on a spectrum of carefully curated disease outcomes defined based on hospital inpatient registrations and … 2019 Oct 1;48(5):1425-1434. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyz182. This method was originally described using electronic medical record (EMR) data from EMR-linked in the Vanderbilt DNA biobank, BioVU, but can also be applied to other richly phenotyped sets. 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.08.109 MR-PheWAS: exploring the causal effect of SUA level on multiple disease outcomes by using genetic instruments in UK Biobank Elevated SUA level is convincing to cause gout and inflammatory polyarthropathies, and might act as a marker for the wider range of diseases with which it associates. Filed date: 24 Nov 2000. National Library of Medicine Select one variant (e.g. Abstract. The UK Biobank recently released genome-wide association data on ~500,000 individuals.The genotype data for these samples have been cleaned, imputed and released to the scientific community. Several efforts to encourage data sharing have evolved over the last decade, such as the Electronic Medical Records and Genomics (eMERGE) network, UK Biobank, China Kadoorie Biobank, and Million Veterans Project. Our results show that increased smoking intensity contributes to all forms of ischaemic heart disease including conditions characterized by both coronary atherosclerosis (myocardial infarction), and those characterized primarily by coronary vasospasm, including variant and microvascular angina (other chronic ischaemic heart disease, unspecified), although concurrent atherosclerosis is not uncommon in angina patients [. The health consequences of smoking-50 years of progress: a report of the surgeon general. Through this approach, we expect to explore novel, potentially causal effects of magnesium. docx files, Download .docx (14.06 Using the PHESANT package Millard et al. 2017 Jun 7;357:j2376. Information on genotyping and quality … Within this region was also rs77575195 (HGVS NC_000002.12: g.10561470T > C), which had the highest eQTL significance of … Objectives: Causal associations of tobacco smoking with cardiovascular risk factors: a Mendelian randomization analysis of the HUNT study in Norway. One earlier MR-PheWAS on smoking intensity was conducted in the UK Biobank [, Several known smoking related outcomes, including stroke, were not picked up by our PheWAS, potentially suggesting important limitations with our study. U2 - 10.1101/634774. We found some evidence for an association between greater genetically instrumented smoking intensity and selected disorders under the mental health category including altered mental status, other mental disorder, tobacco use disorder, and alcoholism. Risk estimates are reported as odds ratios (OR; 95% CI) per one genetically predicted extra cigarette smoked per day. Would you like email updates of new search results? Whereas GWAS have been highly successful at identifying novel associations, we are currently only just beginning to explore the phenome in a hypothesis-free manner. Such an approach can generate new hypotheses for further … Dr. King, Dr Mulugeta, Miss Nabi, and Dr Zhou have nothing to disclose. GWAS analysis of 7,221 phenotypes across 6 continental ancestry groups in the UK Biobank. Beate Leppert *, Louise A C Millard, Lucy Riglin, George Davey Smith, Anita Thapar, Kate M Tilling, Esther Walton, Evangelia Stergiakouli * * Corresponding author for this work. a ‘phenome-wide association study’, or PheWAS, this approach tests the association of a mapped disease-associated variant with a broad range of human phenotypes14. Methods: Our comprehen-sive MR-pheWAS identified potential causal effects of BMI on a large and diverse set of phe-notypes. Serum Uric Acid and the Risk of Incident and Recurrent Gout: A Systematic Review. The huge sample size of UK Biobank would increase statistical power and generate non-biased genotype-phenotype association pairs. This highlights the significant damage caused by smoking, beyond smoking initiation, and the potential health benefits which could be gained by reducing the number of cigarettes smoked, or ideally, complete smoking cessation. Dr. Hypponen reports grants from National Health and Medical Research Council, during the conduct of the study; grants from Tour de Cure, grants from Medical Research Future Fund, grants from Australian Research Council, outside the submitted work; . Manhattan plot illustrating the outcomes of the PheWAS analysis of the smoking intensity GRS in ever smokers. In this study, we performed an MR-PheWAS in UK Biobank database to discover disease outcomes related to genetic varia-tions of SUA level and to investigate if any association is causal. AU - Nicolopoulos, Konstance. In collaboration with Genomics plc, we conducted a PheWAS combining UK Biobank data, mRNA transcript phenotypes in the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) Project data The numParts and partIdx arguments are both used to parallelise the phenome scan. The UK Biobank is a population-based cohort study collected from multiple sites across the United Kingdom. Altered mental status seemed to relate to disorientation, while the majority of cases in the ‘other mental disorder’ category were individuals with a history of psychoactive substance abuse, mainly tobacco or alcohol. Epub 2019 Jun 27. 2020 Jul 31;26:100488. doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100488. Institution. Using genetic liability (rather than phen Epub 2019 Dec 20. 2020, Received in revised form: We performed a MR phenome-wide association study (MR-pheWAS) to search for the causal effects of BMI in UK Biobank (n = 334 968), using the PHESANT open-source phenome scan tool. For this registry-based case-control PheWAS, we used genome-wide data available from the UK Biobank to construct a genetic risk score of 76 variants related to BMI. Arthritis Rheum 2011;63:3136–41. . CK drafted the paper. Serum uric acid levels and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of evidence from observational studies, randomised controlled trials, and Mendelian randomisation studies. in UK Biobank. The emerging landscape of health research based on biobanks linked to electronic health records: Existing resources, statistical challenges, and potential opportunities. PHESANT enables researchers to perform a comprehensive phenome scan in UK Biobank, including a pheWAS, MR-pheWAS or EnWAS. This effort was led by Alicia Martin, Hilary Finucane, Mark Daly and Ben Neale, lead analysts Konrad Karczewski and Elizabeth Atkinson, with contributions from team members at ATGU. Key strengths of our study include the large sample, which enabled us to test for causal effects across the spectrum of disease outcomes, and the analyses with pleiotropy robust methods facilitated by use of a multi-SNP instrument for smoking intensity. AU - Riglin, Lucy. Global Prevalence of Hyperuricemia: A Systematic Review of Population-Based Epidemiological Studies. Results displayed in this PheWeb include genome-wide associations for EHR-derived ICD billing codes from the White British participants of the UK Biobank. -. Prevention and treatment information (HHS). PheWAS results are then replicated using population-based UK Biobank data and compared across various PRS construction methods. Shiozawa A, Szabo SM, Bolzani A, Cheung A, Choi HK. Our findings support further investigation on the clinical relevance of SUA level with cardiovascular, metabolic, autoimmune and respiratory diseases. However, most genome-wide analyses of this dataset use only the European ancestry individuals. 2020 Oct 29;13:2337-2346. doi: 10.2147/RMHP.S277463.

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